Process for the Preparation of Polymer of 1-Butene

ABSTRACT

A process for the preparation of 1-butene homopolymers or 1-butene/alpha olefin copolymers wherein the alpha olefins are selected from ethylene, propylene or alpha olefms of formula CH 2 ═CHZ wherein Z is a C 3 -C 20  alkyl radical, comprising contacting 1-butene or 1-butene and one or more alpha olefms under polymerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst system comprising: (a) a solid component comprising a Ti compound and an internal electron-donor compound supported on MgCl 2  (b) an alkylaluminum co catalyst; and (c) a compound of formula (I) as external donor Wherein: R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4 , equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C 1 -C 20  hydrocarbon radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; or two R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  can be joined to form a C 5 -C 20 , saturated or unsaturated ring.

This application is the U.S. national phase of International Application PCT/EP2010/054356, filed Mar. 31, 2010, claiming priority to European Application 09158021.7 filed Apr. 16, 2009 and the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/214,001, filed Apr. 17, 2009; the disclosures of International Application PCT/EP2010/054356, European Application 09158021.7 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/214,001, each as filed, are incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1-butene-based polymer having elastomeric properties by using a catalyst system containing titanium magnesium and a particular class of external donor.

Certain butene-1 (co)polymers having low isotacticity and elastomeric behavior are known in the art. They can be used as components of blends with other polyolefins, or polymeric products, in order to modulate particular properties such as sealing strength, flexibility and softness of the plastic materials. In particular, these butene-1 (co)polymers can be used as additives in production of roofing boards, road surfacing materials, and sealing compositions or used as oil viscosity improvers. In order to be used for these purposes, important characteristics are good processability and a suitable compromise between plastic and elastomeric properties that, in turn, derives from a good balance between the crystalline and amorphous fractions of the polymer.

Certain butene-1 (co)polymers having low isotacticity and elastomeric behavior are known in the art. They can be used as components of blends with other polyolefins, or polymeric products, in order to modulate particular properties such as sealing strength, flexibility and softness of the plastic materials. In particular, these butene-1 (co)polymers can be used as additives in production of roofing boards, road surfacing materials, and sealing compositions or used as oil viscosity improvers. In order to be used for these purposes, important characteristics are good processability and a suitable compromise between plastic and elastomeric properties that, in turn, derives from a good balance between the crystalline and amorphous fractions of the polymer.

WO2006/042815 tries to improve the feature of the 1-butene-based polymer by using a catalyst system comprising a Ti compound and an internal electron-donor compound supported on MgCl₂; (B) an alkylaluminum compound without using an external electron donor compound in order not to increase the stereoregulating capability of the catalyst.

However the applicant found that by using a particular class of external donor it is possible to get a 1-butene based polymer having a stereoregularity lower than that one obtained in WO2006/042815. This is completely unexpectedly since the external donor in a titanium based catalyst system is used to increase the stereoregularity of a polymer, while by using the external donor according to the present invention it is possible to lower it.

WO91/00875 relates to a catalyst system based on tetravalent titanium halide wherein as internal donor verartole or derivative thereof have been used without an external donor for polymerizing propylene and 1-butene. However the activity of the catalyst appears to be quite low. The applicant found that when similar compounds are used as external donor an elastomeric polymer of 1-butene can be obtained in good yields. By using this compounds as external donor instead than internal donor allow to finely tune the properties of the catalyst by using different internal donors, while the isotacticity can be lowerd by controlling the external donor.

Thus an object of the present application is a process for the preparation of 1-butene homopolymers or 1-butene/alpha olefin copolymers wherein the alpha olefins are selected from ethylene, propylene or alpha olefins of formula CH₂═CHZ wherein Z is a C₃-C₂₀ alkyl radical, comprising contacting 1-butene or 1 butene and one or more alpha olefins under polymerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst system comprising:

(a) a solid component comprising a Ti compound and an internal electron-donor compound supported on MgCl₂

(b) an alkylaluminum cocatalyst; and

(c) a compound of formula (I) as external donor

Wherein:

R¹, R², R³ and R⁴, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C₁-C₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; or two R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ can be joined to form a C₅-C₂₀, preferably a C₅-C₁₀ saturated or unsaturated ring such as a phenyl or a naphtyl ring, said ring can be substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ hydrocarbon radical; preferably R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are hydrogen atoms or linear or branched, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₆-C₂₀-aryl, C₇-C₂₀-alkylaryl or C₇-C₂₀-arylalkyl radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; or two R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ can be joined to form a C₅-C₁₀ saturated or unsaturated ring.

Magnesium dichloride in active form is preferably used as a support. It is widely known from the patent literature that magnesium dichloride in active form is particularly suited as a support for Ziegler-Natta catalysts. In particular, U.S. Pat. No. 4,298,718 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,495,338 were the first to describe the use of these compounds in Ziegler-Natta catalysis. It is known from these patents that the magnesium dihalides in active form used as support or co-support in components of catalysts for the polymerization of olefins are characterized by X-ray spectra in which the most intense diffraction line that appears in the spectrum of the non-active halide is diminished in intensity and is replaced by a halo whose maximum intensity is displaced towards lower angles relative to that of the more intense line.

The preferred titanium compounds used in the catalyst component of the present invention are TiCl₄ and TiCl₃; furthermore, also Ti-haloalcoholates of formula Ti(OR)_(n-y)X_(y), where n is the valence of titanium, X is halogen, preferably chlorine, y is a number between 1 and n and R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1-18 carbon atoms, can be used.

The internal electron-donor compound is preferably selected from esters and more preferably from alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl esters of monocarboxylic acids, for example benzoic acids, or polycarboxylic acids, for example phthalic or succinic acids, the said alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Preferred internal donors are C₁-C₂₀ alkyl esters of phthalic acids, possibly substituted. Particularly preferred are the C₁-C₆ linear or branched alkyl esters. Specific examples are, diethyl phthalate, di-n-propyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, di-n-pentyl phthalate, di-i-pentyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, ethyl-isobutyl phthalate, ethyl-n-butyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate, di-isobutylphthalate Generally, the internal electron donor compound is used in molar ratio with respect to the MgCl₂ of from 0.01 to 1 preferably from 0.05 to 0.5.

The preparation of the solid catalyst component can be carried out according to several methods. According to one preferred method, the solid catalyst component can be prepared by reacting a titanium compound of formula Ti(OR)_(n-y)X_(y), where n is the valence of titanium and y is a number between 1 and n, preferably TiCl₄, with a magnesium chloride deriving from an adduct of formula MgCl₂.pROH, where p is a number between 0.1 and 6, preferably from 2 to 3.5, and R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1-18 carbon atoms. The adduct can be suitably prepared in spherical form by mixing alcohol and magnesium chloride in the presence of an inert hydrocarbon immiscible with the adduct, operating under stirring conditions at the melting temperature of the adduct (100-130° C.). Then, the emulsion is quickly quenched, thereby causing the solidification of the adduct in form of spherical particles. Examples of spherical adducts prepared according to this procedure are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,399,054 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,469,648. The so obtained adduct can be directly reacted with the Ti compound or it can be previously subjected to thermal controlled dealcoholation (80-130° C.) so as to obtain an adduct in which the number of moles of alcohol is generally lower than 3 preferably between 0.1 and 2.5. The reaction with the Ti compound can be carried out by suspending the adduct (dealcoholated or as such) in cold TiCl₄ (generally 0° C.); the mixture is heated up to 80-130° C. and kept at this temperature for 0.5-2 hours. The treatment with TiCl₄ can be carried out one or more times. The internal electron donor compound can be added during the treatment with TiCl₄. The treatment with the electron donor compound can be repeated one or more times.

The preparation of catalyst components in spherical form is described for example in European Patent Applications EP-A-395083, EP-A-553805, EP-A-553806, EPA-601525 and WO98/44001. The solid catalyst components obtained according to the above method show a surface area (by B.E.T. method) generally between 20 and 500 m²/g and preferably between 50 and 400 m²/g, and a total porosity (by B.E.T. method) higher than 0.2 cm³/g preferably between 0.2 and 0.6 cm³/g. The porosity (Hg method) due to pores with radius up to 10,000 Å generally ranges from 0.3 to 1.5 cm³/g, preferably from 0.45 to 1 cm³/g.

The alkyl-Al compound (b) is preferably chosen among the trialkyl aluminum compounds such as for example triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, tri-n-hexylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum. It is also possible to use mixtures of trialkylaluminum's with alkylaluminum halides, alkylaluminum hydrides or alkylaluminum sesquichlorides such as AlEt₂Cl and Al₂Et₃Cl₃.

The external donors (C) are preferably selected from the compounds of formulas (Ia) and (Ib)

wherein R¹ and R², are hydrogen atoms or linear or branched C₁-C₂₀-alkyl radicals

Wherein R¹, R⁴, R⁵, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C₁-C₁₀ hydrocarbon radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements. Preferably R¹, R⁴, R⁵, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸, are hydrogen atoms or linear or branched, C₁-C₁₀-alkyl, C₆-C₁₂-aryl, C₇-C₁₂-alkylaryl or C₇-C₁₂-arylalkyl radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements. More preferably R¹, R⁴, R⁵, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸, are hydrogen atoms.

The external electron donor compound (C) is fed in such an amount to give a molar ratio between the organoaluminum compound and said electron donor compound (Al/ED) higher than 2 preferably it is comprised between 4 and 1000, more preferably between 10 an 200, even more preferably between 20 and 150.

It is also possible to pre-polymerize said catalyst in a pre-polymerization step. Said prepolymerization can be carried out in liquid, (slurry or solution) or in the gas-phase, at temperatures generally lower than 100° C., preferably between 20 and 70° C. The pre-polymerization step is carried out with small quantities of monomers for the time which is necessary to obtain the polymer in amounts of between 0.5 and 2000 g per g of solid catalyst component, preferably between 5 and 500 and, more preferably, between 10 and 100 g per g of solid catalyst component.

The polymerization process can be carried out according to known techniques, for example slurry polymerization using as diluent a liquid inert hydrocarbon, or solution polymerization using for example the liquid butene-1 as a reaction medium. Moreover, it may also be possible to carry out the polymerization process in the gas-phase, operating in one or more fluidized or mechanically agitated bed reactors. The polymerization carried out in the liquid butene-1 as a reaction medium is highly preferred.

The polymerization is generally carried out at temperature of from 20 to 120° C., preferably of from 40 to 90° C. The polymerization can be carried out in one or more reactors that can work under same or different reaction conditions such as concentration of molecular weight regulator, comonomer concentration, external electron donor concentration, temperature, pressure etc. When two or more are employed the set up can be in the cascade mode where monomer/catalyst/polymer reaction mixture coming from the first reactor is fed to the successive one. Alternatively, in the parallel set up, two or more reactors with their own feeding systems work independently and the monomer/catalyst/polymer reaction mixture coming from these reactors are collected together and directed to the finishing section. Working in at least two reactors under different conditions can lead to the preparation of butene-1 (co)polymers with different average molecular weight and/or different stereoregularity in the two reactors. Moreover, working in more than one reactor under different conditions has the advantage that the various polymerization stages can be properly modulated so as to properly tailoring the properties of the final polymer. This technique can be adopted when products having a very high amount of xylene soluble fractions are to be produced. These products in fact, can give problems during certain operations such as pelletization. The applicant noted that producing two polymers having a different content of xylene insoluble fraction in two distinct reactor in series gives raise to a final polymer that is better processable than the product deriving from only one polymerization stage having the same amount of final xylene insoluble fraction. This can be done for example by using only in one or more selected reactors a small amount of external donor that allows the catalyst to be more stereospecific. The (co)polymer obtained from the two-stage polymerization can have the same uses as the copolymer obtained via a single set of polymerization conditions.

With the process of the present invention it is possible to obtain a polymer with very low isotacticity, i.e. the mmmm pentads are comprised between 10% and 50%, preferably between 10% and 27%, more preferably between 10% and 24% and a low value of xylene insolubles at 25° C. with good elastomeric properties. Furthermore the obtained polymers does not show 4,1 inserted butene units. With the process of the present invention it is possible to obtain 1-butene homopolymers and 1-butene/alpha olefin copolymers wherein the alpha olefins are selected from ethylene, propylene or alpha olefins of formula CH₂═CHZ wherein Z is a C₃-C₂₀ alkyl radical, examples of alpha olefins of formula CH₂═CHZ are: 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 4,6-dimethyl-1 -heptene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene. Preferably 1-butene homopolymer, 1-butene/ethylene, 1-butene/propylene or 1-butene/hexane are obtained.

The term copolymer according to the present invention means that the comonomer content is lower than 50% by mol.

Preferably the amount of comonomer in the 1-butene copolymers obtained with the process of the present invention ranges from 0.1 to 20% by mol; preferably from 1% to 15% by mol; even more preferably from 2% to 10% by mol.

As mentioned above, the copolymers of the invention are suitable for use in many applications. As a customary routine, for each of these applications the relevant experts can add further polymer components, additives (such as stabilizers, antioxidants, anticorrosives, nucleating agents, processing aids, oils, etc.) and both organic and inorganic fillers which can impart specific properties, without departing from the gist of the invention.

EXAMPLES Polymer Characterization ¹³C NMR Analysis

¹³C-NMR spectra were performed on a polymer solution (8-12 % wt) in dideuterated 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-ethane at 120° C. The ¹³C-NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker DPX-400 spectrometer operating at 100.61 MHz in the Fourier transform mode at 120 ° C. using a 90° pulse, 15 seconds of delay between pulses and CPD (WALTZ65_(—)64pl) to remove ¹H-¹³C coupling. About 1500-2000 transients were stored in 32K data points using a spectral window of 60 ppm (0-60 ppm).

Comonomer Content in Butene/Propylene Copolymers

The propylene content was obtained from diad distribution ([P]=[PP]+0.5[PB]) which are calculated as:

PP=A/Σ

BP=B/Σ

BB=C/Σ

Where A, B, C, are the integrals of the relevant peak regions in the ¹³C-NMR spectrum (The peak at 27.73 ppm due the CH₂ carbon in the branch of an isotactic BBBBB pentad is used as internal reference) and Σ=A+B+C. The assignment of the spectral regions are made according to H. N. Cheng, Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Physics Edition, 21, 573 (1983) and are reported in Table A.

TABLE A Area Chemical Shift Assignments Sequence A 47.2-46.5 CH₂ chain PP B 43.7-43.4 CH₂ chain PB C 40.0 CH₂ chain BB Determination of mmmm % by ¹³C NMR

The assignment of the pentad signals in the region of branch methylene carbons was made according to “Carbon-13 NMR Spectral Assignment of Five Polyolefins Determined from the Chemical Shift Calculation and the Polymerization Mechanism,” T. Asakura and others, Macromolecules 1991, 24 2334-2340.

The mmmm % reported in Table 1 is calculated as 100(I_(mmmm))/(I_(tot))

Determination of 4,1 Inserted Butene Units

The absence of 4,1 butene units in either butene homopolymers or butene/propylene copolymers was verified via ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy using the above-mentioned experimental conditions looking for the peak at 37.3 ppm due to CH carbons in the sequence —CH(CH₂CH₃)—(CH₂)₅—CH(CH₂CH₃)—, assignments according to V. Busico, R. Cipullo, A. Borriello, Macromol. Rapid. Commun. 16, 269, (1995).

MWD Determination by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)

Molecular weight parameters and molecular weight distributions for all the samples were measured using a Waters GPCV 2000 apparatus, which was equipped with a column set of four PLgel Olexis mixed-gel (Polymer Laboratories) and an IR4 infrared detector (PolymerChar). The dimensions of the columns were 300×7.5 mm and their particle size 13 μm. The mobile phase used was 1-2-4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) and its flow rate was kept at 1.0 mL/min. All the measurements were carried out at 150° C. Solution concentrations were 0.1 g/dL in TCB and 0.1 g/L of 2,6-diterbuthyl-p-chresole were added to prevent degradation. For GPC calculation, a universal calibration curve was obtained using 10 polystyrene (PS) standard samples supplied by Polymer Laboratories (peak molecular weights ranging from 580 to 8500000). A third order polynomial fit was used for interpolate the experimental data and obtain the relevant calibration curve. Data acquisition and processing was done using Empower (Waters). The Mark-Houwink relationship was used to determine the molecular weight distribution and the relevant average molecular weights: the K values were K_(PS)=1.21×10⁻⁴ dL/g and K_(PB)=1.78×10⁻⁴ dL/g for PS and PB respectively, while the Mark-Houwink exponents α=0.706 for PS and α=0.725 for PB were used.

For butene/ethylene copolymers, as far as the data evaluation is concerned, it was assumed for each sample that the composition was constant in the whole range of molecular weight and the K value of the Mark-Houwink relationship was calculated using a linear combination as reported below:

K _(EB) =x _(E) K _(PE) +x _(P) K _(PB)

where K_(EB) is the constant of the copolymer, K_(PE) (4.06×10⁻⁴, dL/g) and K_(PB) (1.78×10⁻⁴ dL/g) are the constants of polyethylene and polybutene, x_(E) and x_(B) are the ethylene and the butene wt % content. The Mark-Houwink exponents α=0.725 was used for all the butene/ethylene copolymers independently on their composition.

For Butene propene copolymers, as PP and PB have very similar K, no corrections were applied and the copolymer was integrated using the K and a values of PB.

Thermal Properties

The melting points of the polymers (T_(m)) and the melting enthalpy (ΔH_(m)) were measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (D.S.C.) on a Perkin Elmer DSC-7 instrument, according to the standard method. A weighted sample (5-7 mg) obtained from the polymerization was sealed into aluminum pans and heated to 180° C. at 10° C./minute. The sample was kept at 180° C. for 5 minutes to allow a complete melting of all the crystallites and then cooled to 20° C. at 10° C./minute. After standing 2 minutes at 20° C., the sample was heated for the second time to 180° C. at 10° C./min.

Due to the low crystallinity of the samples the values reported in Table 4 are taken from the first heating run curves: the melting temperature (T_(m)) was obtained from the temperature of the peak and the melting enthalpy (ΔH) was measure from the area of the peak.

Determination of Xylene Insoluble Fraction

In order to determine the fraction insoluble in xylene at 0° C. (X.I. %), 2.5 g of polymer are dissolved under agitation in 250 ml of xylene at 135° C., and after 20 minutes the solution is allowed to cool to 0° C. After 30 minutes the precipitated polymer is filtered and dried at reduced pressure at 80° C. until constant weight is reached.

Intrinsic Viscosity [η]

Determined in tetrahydronaphthalene at 135° C. (ASTM 2857-70).

Sample Preparation for the Physical Mechanical Tests

After the polymerization the polymers were dried and then stabilized in a mixer adding 0.1% of Irganox B215 antioxidant. After cooling, several plaques were prepared by compression molding at 200° C. after cooling the plaques were treated in autoclave at 2000 bar for 10 min, followed by 24 hours of aging before characterization.

Tension Set (100% of Deformation)

2 mm thick plaques were used and ISO2285 (Method A) was followed.

Tensile Curves

2 mm thick plaques were used and ISO527-2 was followed. In particular specimens type 5A were used and a speed of 500 mm/min was applied.

Shore A

4 mm thick plaque was used and the measurements were carried out according to ASTM D2240.

Preparation of Solid Catalyst Component

Into a 500 ml four-necked round flask, purged with nitrogen, 225 ml of TiCl₄ were introduced at 0° C. While stirring, 6.8 g of microspheroidal MgCl₂.2.7C₂H₅OH (prepared as described in Ex. 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,399,054 but operating at 3,000 rpm instead of 10,000 rpm) were added.

The flask was heated to 40° C. and 4.4 mmoles of diisobutylphthalate were thereupon added. The temperature was raised to 100° C. and maintained for two hours, then the stirring was discontinued, the solid product was allowed to settle and the supernatant liquid was siphoned off.

200 ml of fresh TiCl₄ were added, the mixture was reacted at 120° C. for one hour then the supernatant liquid was siphoned off.

200 ml of fresh TiCl₄ were added, the mixture was reacted at 120° C. for one hour then the supernatant liquid was siphoned off and the solid obtained was washed six times with anhydrous hexane (6×100 ml) at 60° C. and then dried under vacuum. The catalyst component contained 2.8 wt % of Ti and 12.3 wt % of phthalate.

Examples 1-7 and Comparative 1 1-butene polymerization

A 4 liter stainless steel autoclave was purged with nitrogen flow at 70° C. for one hour, 3.5 mmol of AliBu₃ (TIBA, solution 10% wt in hexane) were supplied and the autoclave was then closed. At room temperature, 1.35 Kg of liquid butene-1 were fed and, when required, the desired amount of hydrogen (see Table 1) was charged in the autoclave. Finally, the internal temperature was raised to 74° C.

At the same time, 20 mg of solid catalyst component, prepared as reported above, were suspended in 75 ml of anhydrous hexane containing 3.5 mmol of TIBA and 0.35 mmol of the external donor (ED) reported in Table 1.

The activated catalyst suspension was then charged in the autoclave with a nitrogen overpressure and the internal autoclave temperature was set to 75° C.

The polymerization was carried out at this temperature for 2 hours. After that the reaction was stopped, the unreacted 1-butene was vented and the polymer was recovered and dried at 70° C. under vacuum for six hours.

The polymerization data and the polymer characterization are reported in Table 1.

TABLE 1 H₂ Productivity XI IV Example External Donor cc Kg_(pol)/g_(cat) % wt dL/g 1 1,2-dimethoxy-benzene 0 6 10.4 3.84 2 3,4-dimethoxy-toluene 0 6.3 6.6 3.20 3 2,3-dimethoxy-toluene 0 5 12.8 2.94 4 2,3-dimethoxy-naftalene 0 5.2 5.9 2.76 5 3,4-dimethoxy-toluene 200 5.3 13.5 2.41 6 3,4-dimethoxy-toluene 350 11.9 13.3 1.90 7 3,4-dimethoxy-toluene 1000 12.9 14.3 1.51 Comp. 1 not present 0 14.65 16.9 2.7 4,1 inserted mmmm Example butene units % Mw/Mn 1 absent 19.2 na 2 absent 15.7 2.7 3 absent 19.9 na 4 absent 10.7 2.8 5 absent 20.4 3.1 6 absent 19.0 3.2 7 absent 23.7 3.4 Comp. 1 absent 28.0 4.9 Na = not available

Examples 8-9 1-butene/ethylene copolymerization

A 4 liter stainless steel autoclave was purged with nitrogen flow at 70° C. for one hour, 3.5 mmol of AliBu₃ (TIBA, solution 10% wt in hexane) were supplied and the autoclave was then closed. At room temperature, 1.35 Kg of liquid butene-1 were fed together with 4 g of ethylene. Finally, the internal temperature was raised to 74° C.

At the same time, 20 mg of solid catalyst component, prepared as reported above, were suspended in 75 ml of anhydrous hexane containing 3.5 mmol of TIBA and 0.35 mmol of 3,4-dimethoxy-toluene.

The activated catalyst suspension was then charged in the autoclave with a nitrogen overpressure and the internal autoclave temperature was set to 75° C.

The polymerization was carried out at this temperature for 2 hours and the internal pressure was kept constant by continuously feeding ethylene (amount reported in Table 2). The reaction was then stopped, the unreacted monomers were vented and the polymer was recovered and dried at 70° C. under vacuum for six.

The polymerization data and the polymer characterization are reported in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Yield Exam- AI/ Ethylene Kg_(pol)/ X.S. [η] Mw/ C₂ ⁻ ple ED g_(bath) g_(fed) g_(cat) % wt dL/g Mn % wt r₁r₂ 8 20 4.0 11.5 7.1 98.3 3.46 2.6 6.9 0.86 9 40 4.0 18.3 11.1 98 3.58 2.6 6.6 0.78 C₂ ⁻ = ethylene

Example 10 1-butene/propylene copolymerization

A 4 liter stainless steel autoclave was purged with nitrogen flow at 70° C. for one hour, 3.5 mmol of AliBu₃ (TIBA, solution 10% wt in hexane) were supplied and the autoclave was then closed. At room temperature, 1.35 Kg of liquid butene-1 were fed together with 20 g of propylene and, when required, the desired amount of hydrogen (see Table 1) was charged in the autoclave. Finally, the internal temperature was raised to 754° C.

At the same time, 20 mg of solid catalyst component, prepared as reported above, were suspended in 75 ml of anhydrous hexane containing 3.5 mmol of TIBA and 0.35 mmol of 3,4-dimethoxy-toluene.

The activated catalyst suspension was then charged in the autoclave with a nitrogen overpressure and the internal autoclave temperature was set to 75° C.

The polymerization was carried out at this temperature for 2 hours and the internal pressure was kept constant by continuously feeding propylene (amount reported in Table 3). The reaction was then stopped, the unreacted monomers were vented and the polymer was recovered and dried at 70° C. under vacuum for six hours.

The polymerization data and the polymer characterization are reported in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Exam- AI/ Propylene Yield X.S. [η] Mw/ C₃ ⁻ ple ED g_(bath) g_(fed) Kg_(pol)/g_(cat) % wt dL/g Mn % wt 10 20 20.0 60.0 2.5 97.9 3.08 2.5 4.0 

1. A process for the preparation of 1-butene homopolymers or 1-butene/alpha olefin copolymers wherein the alpha olefins are selected from ethylene, propylene or alpha olefins of formula CH₂═CHZ wherein Z is a C₃-C₂₀ alkyl radical, the process comprising contacting 1-butene and optionally at least one alpha olefin under polymerization conditions, in the presence of a catalyst system comprising: (a) a solid component comprising a Ti compound and an internal electron-donor compound supported on MgCl₂; (b) an alkylaluminum cocatalyst; and (c) a compound of formula (I) as external donor

wherein: R¹, R², R³ and R⁴, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C₁-C₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; or two R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ can be joined to form a C₅-C₂₀, saturated or unsaturated ring, said ring can be substituted by C₁-C₁₀ hydrocarbon radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
 2. The process according to claim 1 wherein in the compound of formula (I), R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are hydrogen atoms or linear or branched, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₆-C₂₀-aryl, C₇-C₂₀-alkylaryl or C₇-C₂₀-arylalkyl radicals, optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; or two R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ can be joined to form a C₅-C₁₀ saturated or unsaturated ring.
 3. The process according to claim 1 wherein the external donor has formula (Ia):

wherein R¹and R², are hydrogen atoms or linear or branched C₁-C₂₀-alkyl radicals,
 4. The process according to claim 1 wherein the external donor has formula (Ib):

wherein R¹, R⁴, R⁵, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁸, equal to or different from each other, are hydrogen atoms or C₁-C₂₀ hydrocarbon radicals optionally containing heteroatoms belonging to groups 13-17 of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
 5. The process according to claim 1 wherein the internal donor is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl esters of monocarboxylic acids, the alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
 6. The process according to claim 5 wherein the internal donors are C₁-C₂₀ alkyl esters of phthalic acids.
 7. The process according to claim 1 wherein the external electron donor compound (c) is fed in such an amount to give a molar ratio between the organoaluminum compound and said electron donor compound (Al/ED) higher than
 2. 8. The process according to claim 7 wherein the molar ratio between the organoaluminum compound and the electron donor compound C (Al/ED) is 4 to
 1000. 9. The process according to claim 5 wherein the internal donor is selected from benzoic acids or polycarboxylic acids.
 10. The process according to claim 6 wherein the alkyl esters of phthalic acids are substituted. 